Concussion in Children

Concussion is a temporary injury to the brain that affects how the brain functions. It is often caused by a bump or blow to the head. It can also be caused by knocks to other parts of the body that jolt the head such as a sports tackle. Most concussions occur without loss of consciousness (being “knocked out”).

Signs and symptoms of a concussion

• Tiredness and weakness 
• Changes in mood or behaviour
• Headaches 
• Poor concentration
• Nausea 
• Memory loss
• Dizziness 
• Changes to sleep
• Confusion 
• Difficulties processing information
• Vision changes 
• Difficulties at school

Symptoms usually appear immediately after the injury or within the first 24 to 48 hours. Most children recover completely and symptoms get better within a few days or weeks. Some children may develop post-concussion syndrome and take longer to get better.

The first 24 to 48 hours: Time to rest

• Minimise the amount of screen time, physical and mental activity
• Try and create a calm and quiet environment - children may need a day or two off school.

After the rest period children can gradually return to education and physical activity. It is important that the brain has time to recover. Returning to activity too soon can:

• Prolong or worsen symptoms
• Increase the risk of further concussion
• Increase the risk of other injuries
• Affect school performance

A further brain injury before a concussion has healed can be serious. It can cause permanent brain injury or death from second impact syndrome.

The time it takes to return to normal activities and sport will be different for each child. A small number of children may develop post-concussion syndrome and need further support. Seek medical review:

• Urgently if any of the worrying features in the head injury advice leaflet occur.
• From your GP if symptoms do not improve by 14 days or are getting worse
• From your GP if symptoms are ongoing beyond 28 days

If you need this information in an alternative format, please contact the Patient Experience and Engagement Team on 01226 434922.

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